Searching for Answers: The Whats, Hows and Whys of Research

The word “research” is thrown around on college campuses like a Frisbee is thrown around Library Lawn on a sunny spring day. Students hear it in every class. It does not discriminate based on major or interests. But what exactly is research?

This is a question I have asked multiple times over the course of the last few weeks. With the Undergraduate Library Research Award applications open, I began wondering who can apply and what type of research qualifies for the award. Through a bit of investigation of my own, I’ve learned that research takes on a variety of forms and covers many topics.

Perhaps the most important discovery I made was how many things fall under the umbrella of research. Performing what one may consider more traditional research (visions of hypotheses and lots of tests fill my head) is not the only form or process for performing research. An artist searching for new techniques or methods may speak with other artists, visit museums or test out new materials. A dietician could study dietary patterns in a group of people or try out new recipes. A journalist may interview various sources or read dozens of news articles. Research does not fit inside a nice, neat box. It reaches beyond what we may expect.

I’ve also learned that research is a conversation. It is a dialogue between many sources, and we, as researchers, must determine which aspects of the conversation we should digest. How do these voices work together and help us understand the broader picture? Which voices should we listen to and which should we question? Not all information and sources are credible, and delving in further to determine the truth is sometimes necessary. These are all important elements of well-rounded research.

I never realized how much research I have actually done during my college career, and I now realize the important role research will play in my future. Professionals, regardless of industry, perform research nearly every day. But what good does this research do if it just sits on your computer?

This brings me back to the Undergraduate Library Research Award. The OSU Library encourages students to share their research work with the world through ULRA. Graphic designers, architects, entrepreneurs, engineers and really anyone with a thirst for knowledge and the drive to seek out information qualifies for this award. Students who wish to apply should submit a 750-1,000 word essay describing their research process and a finished or nearly complete version of the research project. Participants have the opportunity to win $1,500 for their work. Awards of $750 are also available for honorable mentions.

The OSU Library provides students with the opportunity to apply for ULRA in hopes of inspiring and supporting research across campus. It also provides students with dozens of resources to succeed in their research, such as research guides, databases, subject librarians and research data services. This also includes SHAREOK, the joint institutional repository that I discussed in my previous post.

All of this is just the tip of the iceberg. There are many facets to research that would probably take more than a single blog post to truly explain. My hope is that you do some research of your own and learn more about the different types of research and why it is important. Of course, it helps us make discoveries we otherwise would not have made, but it does more than give us facts. It connects us to other people, other cultures and other ways of thinking. Research broadens our horizons beyond what can be found in the classroom. All it takes is a little motivation, commitment and curiosity.

Posted by Jenny Berry, electronic communications intern 

Data and Software Carpentries

What is Data Science?

Well, simply put, it is the act of collecting new and insightful ideas and methods from data sets. The modern world revolves around data, and data is an important factor in any business or organization. You have your finances, your social media interaction, your production, your employee and partner information - the list goes on. No matter where you are in life, you’re going to have to deal with data at some point. Data Science deals specifically with digital data, which is based on various systems of code that are interpreted, processed and altered by computers.

The Data and Software Carpentries are programs that are looking to teach people how to conveniently and effectively manage the data that they gather in their businesses, organizations and even research opportunities at school. The benefits are that research becomes less painful, and the techniques learned through the data carpentries lead to more research being done more effectively.

According to Phillip Doehle, the program coordinator in the Oklahoma State University High Performance Computing Center, the tagline of the Carpentries is to “help researchers get their work done with less pain and more convenience.”

Software and Data Carpentry are not the same thing, though there is much overlapping between the two and many of the same tools are used. The difference is that Data Carpentry deals with a method of organizing data in an easy and understandable way so that interpretation and analysis are more simple and convenient. A huge factor that plays into Data Carpentry is the Data Lifecycle, which consists of data collection, data organization/cleaning, data analysis and a positive production trend.

Alternatively, Software Carpentry focuses on programming skills and techniques such as software development. Coding is a big tool within this program, which is used to create a reproducible method. According to Evan Linde, a research cyberinfrastructure analyst from the OSU High Performance Computing Center, Software Carpentry can give you the introductory knowledge needed to get you out of a tight situation. For example, a graduate student struggling with a data problem can learn how to write a specific bit of code needed to link multiple processes together and solve that problem.

Now you might be thinking, “I have no experience with stuff like this, and I don’t think I’ll be able to keep up with it!” According to the official Data Carpentry website, their initial target audience is “learners with little to no computational experience.” Even if there is a bit of a learning curve, the experience and benefits gained are worth the time investment.

Software and Data Carpentries are starting points for coding and data management. The idea of the Carpentries is “Reproducible Data.” What this means is that the data can be duplicated through different means. When a data set is duplicated through different methods, then error risks are reduced, results are validated and it shows that the data can be adaptive to multiple different conditions.

While the techniques learned in the Carpentries can be very useful and informative, they don’t necessarily make you ready to immediately go out and work at a research facility. The Carpentries have a larger emphasis on the academics of research rather than an industrial emphasis. Even so, they provide a beneficial and explanatory introduction to the world of Data Science and Data Analysis. The programs are beneficial for graduate students who are getting involved in research or are interested in concepts of data science. Faculty members have told me that the knowledge they gained from the Data and Software Carpentries helped them maximize the time that they spent as a graduate student when they were working with research because their data was organized and reproducible.

The Carpentries are an informative and practical method for somebody who is looking to delve into a career based around data science, as well as students who are involved in research opportunities. They provide a foundation for understanding how to organize and interpret data, as well as how to make that data applicable within various situations. They’re an opportunity that many don’t know about, and they can potentially give somebody an extra push in understanding their career or research choice.

Posted by Braiden Ellis, student staff member, Research and Learning Services

Learning about Agriculture Data and Databases

In June, I attended a conference called Driving Innovation through Data in Agriculture. It was an enjoyable and interesting experience, combining researchers and librarians onsite at the National Agricultural Library (NAL). There were several things that I brought back with me for further discussion. One of them was that I learned quite a bit about the different agriculture specific databases that the USDA manages. They are all public and provide different specialty products and can be accessed through the National Agricultural Library website. The NAL is responsible for building an integrated portfolio of knowledge products that can be used by the general public, researchers and those working in agriculture.

The Long-Term Agroecosystem Research Data Overview (LTAR) database publishes the data and information generated through the Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) Network, a partnership of 18 research sites across the United States. They focus on building knowledge that will make agriculture sustainable and examining the environmental impacts of farming practices. The data generated is “Common Observatory Data” or CORe observational data and research data from management studies with crops and livestock. It compares current practices to experimental practices to determine the effects of the changes. Available data types from LTAR include site photographs, weather and aerial images for the research stations as well as data sets and reports published by LTAR. It has an average of 50 years of historical data. LTAR maintains the data to be sure that it is FAIR: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable. It is hosted at the Ag Data Commons repository and the Geospatial Platform. The Ag Data Commons is the central registry for USDA data and provides links to any data that is housed outside of the repository, including data that is first uploaded to agency sites and provides citable DOI’s for each dataset. The Geospatial Platform provides curation for GIS data but is cross referenced and linked with both Ag Data Commons and Data.gov, the government’s one stop shop for all government sponsored data.

Some of the other specialized USDA data bases include the Life Cycle Assessment Commons, USDA Food Composition Database, the i5 Workspace@NAL, which is a community specializing in arthropod genomes and research and Dr. Duke’s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Less specialized databases include the NAL catalog which covers the entire NAL collection, AGRICOLA, PubAg and NAL Digital Collections, which includes all the full text digitized materials of NAL.

I hope researchers, faculty and students will explore some of these. I would be interested to hear about any projects that utilize them. We here in the library are discussing the use of these specialized databases versus the more popular, general use ones. Feel free to post any examples and please, contact me or any of our friendly librarians if you need more information.

post by Kay Bjornen, Research Data Initiatives Librarian

Introducing Kay Bjornen: The New Research Data Initiatives Librarian

A Library Future Series post from February 13, 2017, highlighted the work done to establish data management services on the Oklahoma State campus. The post explained the survey and data collection process that was used to identify needs and target services that were most needed by researchers here at OSU. Since then there have been several important developments.

One of them is that I was hired to serve as a full-time data services librarian. My name is Kay Bjornen, and I joined the library as a Research Data Initiatives Librarian in February. I bring a Ph.D. in chemistry and a long career in research and data management with me. Since research support and data management are my sole responsibilities (at least for now), I have had the opportunity to knock on doors and introduce myself to many of the departments on campus that carry on data intensive research. I want to make sure that faculty and students know I am here, and I am anxious to assist with any needs they may have. If I haven’t made it to your department yet, feel free to reach out. Or just hold tight, I plan to get there as soon as possible.

One of the questions I have been asked is "Why is the library doing this?" The answer is research is changing and so are libraries. Researchers have access to a wealth of information resources and need less assistance to conduct their literature searches, chase down interlibrary loan items and answer reference questions. Information is increasingly online and digital so librarians are comfortable with electronic information sources of all kinds. It is also true that in the era of "Big Data," there are more and more challenges in managing research outputs. These include describing, storing, securing, organizing and sharing data. The library is a natural partner in these things. That’s why we are working to get the word out about the services we offer.

I am excited to be here at OSU and anxious to contribute to the research community. Do you have any questions about how the library can help you with your research? Feel free to post them here or check out the research data services we offer on the library website. My contact information is there and so is a consultation form you can fill out with the information I need to help you with your research data dilemma.

Post by Kay Bjornen, Research Data Initiatives Librarian

Data Management Research

In 2016, the Research & Learning Services department took on a campuswide research project. The goal of this project was to determine how new, tenure-track faculty manage their data. We recently spoke with Cinthya Ippoliti, Associate Dean for Research & Learning Services, about this research into data management and how to better the management process across the Oklahoma State campus.

For this research, the group interviewed 31 faculty across campus. They were pleased to receive feedback from 12 percent of those who received an invitation.

Participants were asked questions like:

• Do any of your funding sources require you to draft a management plan?
• What type of data do you generate?
• How often and how do you share your data with others?
• What happens to your data after the research project has concluded?

Once all the feedback was collected, the faculty responses were divided among RLS librarians, examined and condensed to a spreadsheet for ease of access. Upon its completion, the group met to discuss the results that surfaced during the interview process. They found that most of the participants did not have a data management plan in place and mainly stored their data on hard drives.

From this, the group discovered several needs. These included data storage solutions for smaller data sets; training on creating data management plans, file naming conventions and file organization schemas; and answers to questions about data sharing and re-purposing methods and tools.

Using a design-thinking process, the group developed ideas to better the Research Data Services program and provide data management solutions for researchers. There is now an outlet of resources for managing data and developing the skills necessary to increase impact of research findings.

The services offered by the Research Data Services are data information literacy, data storage and management support; metadata & documentation, institutional repository and data visualization; research impact, workshops and consultations.

Cinthya Ippoliti specializes in the workshops, consultations and data management plans, and Nicole Sump-Crethar works with metadata, institutional repository and data curation. Both can be contacted through Research Data Services.

Post by Jennifer Barnett, E-Communications Intern for OSU Library Communications