Trending Tech in Modern Academic Libraries

Every business, home and organization is, and will continue to be, influenced by advancements in technology. University libraries are no exception. University libraries are often the earliest entities to adopt cutting-edge technology. Libraries have brought technology like 3D printing, 3D scanning, virtual reality and gesture control to their respective universities. Libraries will continue to be at the front of university adoption of new technologies such as augmented reality, artificial intelligence and automation as they become a more viable.

Augmented reality has been a popular topic for a number of years now but is just now beginning to come into its full technical potential. Examples of this can be with the baseball parks, car models and Super Bowl stadium models to help people decide the seats they want. These are all great examples that show AR is becoming a widely used technology. Libraries could use AR in a few different ways.

One of the points that comes up in most talks about augmented reality is whether it is a real tool or just a short term fad. While many of the examples we have already looked at prove AR has a legitimate use, there is still some skepticism. This belief is not held by most people engaging with university libraries. A study at Purdue surveying students and faculty on whether it would be effective in a library found that about 94% of them believe AR resources are something the library should implement on a large scale.

Another hot item that is being thrown around a lot in the tech world is the use of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are often considered to be the future of technology. Many libraries have begun taking note. A study conducted on libraries currently using these technologies found that five of the 27 university libraries they looked at have taken up some type of service utilizing AI. These are mostly through classes that introduce students to AI with tools like code and robotics. Some universities such as Stanford have begun to use AI to help students find books they’re looking for and to better use the information they have available.

Academic libraries have been considering the idea of implementing AI for a while. Some are still not convinced that it would even have a large effect on libraries, and others think it we still have 30 years until it is a real possibility anyway. This is likely an unrealistic way to look at things considering the advancements that have been made by often-mentioned companies such as Google, Amazon and Facebook. The way their AI is able to read and understand unbelievably large amounts of data is something every university library could use to help students and better understand what they are using the library for.

Another technology that has been developing for quite some time is automation, but it is now out of its infancy. One of the best examples of libraries using this is through bookBot. The bookBots are capable of getting books for students, faculty or patrons without anyone needing to interact with the stacks directly. It uses a system of cases and a moving retriever that grabs a bundle of books to take to the requester. The system also saves a lot of space for the library. NC State claims that their stacks would be nine times bigger if they weren’t using the bookBot. Temple University believes it has taken some stress off the students because they no longer have to navigate large stacks on their own to find the book they need. It also ensures the system is organized and quick.

Automation is affecting libraries in other ways. There are examples that seem common in many libraries at this point like self-checkout, automatic cataloging and immediate document delivery. In the future, library automation could expand to things like “Just Walk Out” book checkout and book return. Much in the way Amazon Go stores work, libraries could automatically detect what books you have with you while leaving the building and check them out to you. There are also thoughts of having a simple way of dropping off books where they are scanned to be returned and placed back in their spot in the automatic library system.

Libraries are evolving at speed we have never seen before. Even though many of these ideas may be far from being adopted by all libraries, they are still what most libraries will be looking to implement in the future. Undoubtedly, there are more trends in technology that libraries are working to make valuable resources for their patrons and staff to use. What are some of the trends you would like to see explored? Are there any other ways you think libraries can use the technology above?

Posted by Jacob Hinchey, Emerging Tech Intern

Artificial Intelligence: The Future

We have now discussed the possibilities of virtual reality, augmented reality and data visualization in the library of the future, but wait, there’s more. Artificial intelligence is quickly gaining ground in the technological community and could be the most important advancement yet.

AI refers to the display of human-like cognitive functions by machines. The all-knowing nature of new computer programs often gives the impression of cognizant awareness; however, the intelligence is artificial because it is not original. The computer or device doesn’t create its own knowledge; it simply reflects the program it possesses.

In regards to this developing technology, Amazon Echo is the next big thing. You may have heard it referred to as Alexa, which is the voice service that operates Echo, similar to Siri for Apple. Echo can currently perform simple actions by request.

Upon hearing its name, Echo goes live and sends input to the cloud for interpretation. This process allows it to answer questions and complete routine functions by communicating to connected devices. The most prevalent uses at this time are adjustment of thermostat, lighting and speakers. Echo can also make lists, keep time and operate security services.

The program is customizable with skills, which are interactive applications activated by voice. Skills can be simple, like Message Presenter, MySpellBuddy and PaperBoy, which read notes, correct spelling and deliver news. They can also be complex and personalized, like A Compliment Please, which as you can imagine, gives you a compliment.

This program has successfully begun the process of integrating artificial intelligence into everyday life. We are now seeing programs like Alexa in the private homes of people across the world, so it seems clear that AI could soon become a staple in libraries and other higher education institutions.

As for the OSU Library, these beginning AI functions could mean a lot of things for our students. We could implement self-controlled systems in our study rooms. With this, they could take notes by telling an AI assistant their ideas or play learning games and quizzes to prepare for exams. They could even use applications, like the Echo’s skills, to learn about the library’s services.

Individuals using the new event room could use an AI program like Echo to give a presentation hands free. They could also dim lights or even change bulb color to reflect the content or mood of the meeting.

Librarians could use AI to create a book location system that would ease the task of finding books and materials. With such a program, one could simply request a certain book and a virtual assistant could give you directions to its exact location.

The potential uses of AI are limitless in an institution of education. By integrating the worlds of work, school and play, this technology could simplify many aspects of university life with one smart system. Discover other uses for AI in higher education, and comment your ideas for the OSU Library below.

Post by Jennifer Barnett, E-Communications Intern for OSU Library Communications

Symbiotic Intelligence: How A.I. May Create Cooperative Education in the Future

A recent publication in the World Economic Forum titled “The Future of Jobs” asserts that over 5 million jobs may be lost to robotization by the year 2020. YouTube channel CGP Grey, a channel that specializes in discussing various concepts in depth, has created a fascinating video discussing just how technological advances can outpace human efforts:

This video raises many intriguing - and possibly unanswerable - questions. For those of us working in the library space some of those questions might include

• How will robotization and digital intelligences affect the way library services are provided? 
• Where will the librarian fit in with all of this? 
• How will those people whose jobs have been phased out utilize a library? 

As CGP Grey’s video posits, digital entities capable of learning, interacting, and producing creative output can accomplish quite a lot. It’s conceivable that even this blog post could someday be written by a well-educated computer intelligence rather than the intern with a penchant for procrastination. That said, it’s entirely possible these advances could see the creation of more effective libraries, more effective librarians and all around more effective learning experiences.

The path to creating smarter, stronger and more capable machines lies in replicating our own psychological learning needs. The conundrum this presents is that the human learning process is an innumerable sum of different ethereal mental mechanisms.

Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg describes a bulk of these processes as "unsupervised learning." Zuckerberg has invested a great deal of time and capital into the development of artificial intelligence, making it one of Facebook, Inc.'s largest development projects.

In a recent Facebook status update about his aspirations for artificial intelligence development, Zuckerberg said, “Unsupervised learning is learning how the world works by observing and trying things out rather than being told what to do... It's key to building systems with human-like common sense because it doesn't require a person to teach it everything they know. It gives the machine the ability to anticipate what may happen in the future and predict the effect of an action. It could help us build machines that can hold conversations or plan complex sequences of actions... We fundamentally do not understand how general learning works... Until we solve this problem, throwing all the machine power in the world at it cannot create an AI that can do everything a person can.”

This is to say that the human mind is a vast, complex and unique thinking machine that cannot be defined by sheer horsepower. Understanding all of the mechanisms in which it learns is the key to not only the creation of artificial intelligence, but also more effective learning and teaching practices. A thinking machine can not only learn from human teachers, but also teach human learners.

Imagine the impact such an entity could have on a library. Makerspaces, writing labs, research, database optimization, all manner of workshops, all could see a dramatic overhaul of how they're performed, delivered and absorbed by they're audience.

As for the librarians, certain functions librarians perform such as the analyzing, management and acquisition of materials or information and data processing could foreseeably be delegated to thinking computers in the future, but the more human functions of librarians - those directly involved with enlightening and educating the users of the library - need not be replaced because such functions are best fostered by human relationships.

For example, people like to use Siri, but no one really respects Siri as a person. "She" is not a mentor, or a teacher, or a researcher or a friend. "She" doesn’t recognize her user’s learning process or where it might be stumbling, and can only provide feedback in the form of suggestions of what "she" believes they might have meant based on her programming. Digital intelligence may be able to replicate operational functions, but the human capacity for learning requires a set of intangible qualities. A machine capable of learning and teaching may enhance a human's education to a degree, but it takes a human to best understand a human.

What does the development of artificial intelligence mean to you? How do you foresee it affecting your role in the library? How will education utilize intelligent technologies? Share your thoughts in the comments section.