Rooms of Purpose

It is well-known by now that the OSU Library has seen some changes in recent times. With the new equipment in the Creative Studios and the renovation of the 1st floor west wing, our aged building continues to be a hotspot for students while cultivating a venue for creation and innovation. Some of its most useful rooms are sometimes overlooked, so the following are several spots that may not receive as much attention as they deserve.

Data Visualization Studio

The McCasland Foundation Data Visualization Studio is a new addition to the Edmon Low Library. This room, also called 109A, is located on the western wall of first floor near Cafe Libro. The data visualization studio is open to anyone and is encouraged for projects. The studio holds a wall-mounted SMART Board as well as a tabletop monitor that allows collaboration between two screens. You can send information from one board to the other or reflect one screen to its counterpart.

The tabletop screen is great for close-up visuals of graphics and data. Data visualization itself is the display of information for analysis and communication, and the technology in the library’s studio is meant to do just that. The horizontal screen allows users to get closer to their data and see more detail. It is also useful to be able to move elements and create different arrangements of data.

Although it is set up horizontally, the data visualization screen is not an actual table, so food and beverage are not meant to be placed on it. You can reserve the studio through the Edmon Low Creative Studios.

Event Room

The new event room, also known as 102G, is primarily dedicated to hosting small events in the Edmon Low Library. It is located in the center of the new 1st floor study rooms, and the space can fit up to 40 people, depending on seating arrangement. With a SMART Board, wireless controls and a podium, this room is ideal for hosting seminars or holding presentations.  

When it is not being used for an event, 102G is open to the public for studying. There have been instances of visitors being asked to leave the room for an event,but this conflict can be avoided by checking the event calendar. The room can be reserved by completing a request form online.

Reading Room

The Anne Morris Greenwood Reading Room is one of the library’s oldest study areas. The space has been used by students since the 1950's, and it still attracts the most diligent of scholars today. It is the only space in the library to offer lamps, which makes it a spot of interest for students who perform their best with personal space and extra amenities.

It has two levels, which is convenient for those who want to be productive during their library visit but do not wish to venture higher than the second floor. There are also more electric outlets in this room than any single room in the library.

Contrary to popular belief, group study is allowed and encouraged in the Reading Room; however, the room remains quiet much of the time. Events on the second floor are typically held in the Peggy V. Helmerich Browsing Room, so the Reading Room remains a dedicated study space around the clock.

You may still have to see these rooms for yourself to get the full effect of their worth, but there is no doubt these spaces are bringing intelligence and innovation to the OSU Library. Whether data development or diligent studying is the goal, the library remains a primary location for traditional services and advancing technology.

Post by Jennifer Barnett, E-communications intern for OSU Library Communications

It's A Ruff Life

On any given day, you may see dogs around campus in orange vests; well, these cuddly canines happen to be employees of the University. From its beginning in fall 2013, Pete’s Pet Posse has quickly become a staple of Oklahoma State University. The pets and their handlers can be found in their various places of work around campus throughout the year.

As you may know, the Pet Therapy program was created with the intent of bringing joy and puppy breath to the people of OSU. Research shows the presence of therapy animals can be significantly beneficial to humans, which is why the goal of the Pet Therapy program is to positively enhance physical and emotional health on campus as well as contribute to OSU’s America’s Healthiest Campus® initiative.

There are currently 28 dogs in Pete’s Pet Posse, each with their own personality and energy. These four-legged friends are given custom information cards for their handlers to give out to visitors. We could share a photo of our card collection, but you will just have to visit Pete’s Pets to see them for yourself.

We recently had the opportunity to hear from a handler in the pet therapy program.

Joy Fieldsend and her miniature schnauzer, Sophie, work in the OSU Alumni Association. Joy got Sophie as a puppy and knew right away that she had the loving nature and friendly personality of a therapy dog.

Their most touching moment as a pet therapy team was early on in their Posse career. On a typical day at the Student Union, Joy and Sophie encountered a young woman who was visibly stressed. Joy later learned how much it had meant to the girl that Sophie had been there that day. Their session had given her a reason to smile and carry on during a stressful time.

“It made me realize the work we do on a daily basis is so important,” Joy said. “We may not know it at the time but the impact we have on the well-being of the students is huge.”

Many students admit to checking the Pete’s Pets’ social media accounts to see where the dogs will be located on campus each day, especially during the final weeks of each semester. Sessions with therapy animals have been proven to decrease stress, anxiety and depression. The animals can also provide comfort and encourage communication. These benefits are vital to OSU students with final exams and projects looming overhead.

“It is so important that Pete’s Pet Posse is visible around campus during finals week,” Joy said. “You can see the stress just fall off the students while they are petting the dogs.”

There is no doubt that therapy animals are helpful during times of stress. Junior strategic communications major, Lucky Coffey, is an avid supporter of Pete’s Pet Posse. She loves how the therapy dogs work at different places across the university.

“It immediately brightens my day whenever I see any of the dogs around campus,” Lucky said.

Coffey especially enjoys visiting with the dogs at the weekly events in the OSU Library. Pete’s Pets visit every week for Mutt Day Mondays 12-1p.m., Yappy Hour on Tuesdays 6-7p.m. and Waggin’ Wednesdays 2-3p.m. Members of the Posse will also be visiting the OSU library Monday-Thursday of finals week from 4-5p.m. for Finals Fuzzies.

The Pet Therapy program is able to continue doing great work because of the generosity of Merial, Purina and HomeAgain, which provide each of Pete’s Pets with medication, food and a microchip. OSU therapy dogs wear orange working vests with badges that read “Therapy Dog” and “Ask to Pet Me.” They also wear a Pete’s Pet Posse collar and matching leash.

Useful reminder: Therapy dogs are not service dogs. Therapy dogs, like Pete’s Pets, are trained to interact with many people; whereas, service dogs are trained to help one person and should not be distracted from their duties. Regardless, it is wise to always ask before touching an animal wearing a vest.

Tell us about your favorite encounter with a therapy animal in the comment section below.

Post by Jennifer Barnett, E-communications intern for OSU Library Communications

Maps and Spatial Data Services Q&A

Kevin Dyke is one of the newest members of the OSU Library faculty. Originally a history major with geography and English minors, Mr. Dyke moved to the University of Minnesota to earn a graduate degree in geography. While there, his knowledge of computer programming led him to a job in UM’s map library. Now, as head of Maps and Spatial Data Services, Mr. Dyke is our go-to guy for learning all about what goes on down in the Edmon Low basement.

We recently spoke with him to find out a little more about MSDS and how it can be integrated into our library of the future.

What are your duties?

It has been an interesting transition coming from my last job because I basically took on the duties of my previous boss and coworker in a lot of ways. I’m the subject liaison for the geography department, and I manage our paper map collection, which is something that is very new to me. I’m learning more about the job part and also learning more about the collection. I have always known that map collections are quite different from a book collection, but now, I’m actually learning the details of just how unusual they are. I had an appreciation for them, but my work was entirely digital.

What can you tell us about the maps collection?

The main strengths of our collection are Oklahoma and Indian Territory, going back to the earliest days of when they came to be. We even have several maps from before the land became known as such. That is what comprises the digital maps collection, which is roughly 9,000 maps. I’ll go ahead and claim that we have the strongest collection of Oklahoma maps in the state. That is the biggest focus, but being a depository library, there is also the Federal Depository Library Program. FDLP is how people used to access governmental materials before the internet came around, so thousands of maps in our collection are a result of that program. It includes maps from the United States Geological Survey, the CIA and a number of other federal agencies. The Bureau of Land Management has also produced many maps that we’ve received over the years. So the lion share of our collection is maps produced by the federal government.

What exactly is spatial data?

I take a very broad view of what constitutes spatial data, and I like to include paper maps in that definition. Spatial data is anything that you could construe as a source of information that has a spatial component; basically, it refers to somewhere on the earth. So, if you have a spreadsheet of addresses of elementary schools in Payne County Oklahoma, that is something you could map, and those addresses are something you could consider spatial data.

What is the most common question you get from visitors?

I would say, the most common request we get is for historical aerial photographs, and those are exactly what they sound like. It is when the state or federal government would pay a company to fly across a county with a camera on the bottom of the plane snapping pictures. Then they take those pictures and distort them, so it seems like you’re starting straight down at the ground, and that can be used as a map. Otherwise, you have angles, and you won’t be able to measure distances. It’s not just like snapping a photo of the ground and saying “that’s an aerial photograph.” There is a whole wild world to it.

The requests are mainly for the contrast of an area. They know what it looks like now, but they are wanting to see what it looked like back in the ‘60s or whenever. It’s a lot of businesses and a lot of people dealing with the landscape of an area.

Right now, the Corporation Commission of Oklahoma is in the middle of a project where they are collecting all the aerial photographs from the OSU Library, the University of Oklahoma, the Geological Survey and the Oklahoma Department of Libraries. The idea is that they will all be available at one spot. The main interest of the Corporation Commission is to monitor historical hazards. For example, they will be able to see an oil well north of Oklahoma City in 1935 and if there was a spill, so it could help make a link to the past. That is the driver of their interest in the project; ideally, the rest of us would also benefit from it.

How can classic paper maps stay relevant?

Broadly speaking, there is a lot of people who go hiking or work in areas that don’t have cell reception or GPS signal. Just in the western part of the country, there are big stretches of land where you are probably not going to get great signal. Those people still rely on paper maps, so there is still a strong market for those practical, weatherproof, foldable maps.

The other aspect is that they are a source of historical information, like any archive where researchers go and examine the firsthand writings of someone who lived in another time. Hand-in-hand with that is the map the people drew during their lifetime and how the map depicts the land. That level of use is not going to go away, and it is only going to become greater in decades to come because access to and creation of paper maps is dying. There is no question that it is not at the level it once was. At one time, a library like this would be receiving materials from the federal government on a weekly basis; that is just not the case anymore.

Is there anything that OSU Library can be doing better to stay with the digital times?

My job is going to be not only to take care of the collection but also to bring it into the 21st century and to emphasize the services aspect of our new name. I’m offering a workshop on how to make maps on the internet. In the future, I’m hoping to create a suite of workshops that would lead people through the different aspects of working with spatial data, paper maps and data visualization. Mapping is one form of data visualization, but there are many other ways to integrate it into our offerings. We can interact with our collection but also teach what people can do away from our collection and how to include our collection into an interactive map. That is what I’m really hoping to make happen here.

Do you think there is an opportunity to collaborate with our McCasland Foundation Data Visualization Studio?

A big problem with having digital map collections is that you only have a screen so big, and most of our maps are the size of tables. When you’re trying to look at the whole thing on a computer screen, the experience is just not the same. Having the full size makes things easier, and that is where having those huge tables and giant screens come in. You can actually display all of our maps in full size on that equipment and swipe through them. Those sorts of possibilities will certainly help the integration of spatial data into the new vision for the library.  

As Mr. Dykes has explained, Maps and Spatial Data Services can be an incredible resource for visitors and a useful tool in creating a library of the future. Our collection has the potential to have easier, widespread access through the Corporation Commission of Oklahoma. There are also opportunities for collaboration with data visualization that could revolutionize the way students and faculty are able to interact with our maps collection, spatial data and visual software.

What kind of workshop would you like to see from Maps and Spatial Data Services? Comment below.

Post by Jennifer Barnett, E-Communications Intern for OSU Library Communications

E-Comm Intern Reviews GoPro

I, the Electronic Communications intern for Edmon Low Library Communication Services, recently took it upon myself to follow our own advice and rent something from the Tech to Go desk. I rented a GoPro Hero4, which came in a protective case that also held a remote, a tripod, several cases, two batteries, a charger and numerous screws to attach the camera to a selfie stick. I was surprised by the amount of items I got and astonished they trusted me with it all. After all, I walked away with an armful of technology in exchange for my student ID information.

I chose the GoPro because I wasn’t aware the Edmon Low Library offered them until I became a member of the faculty; similarly, any student I asked also had no idea they were available. The GoPro has gained widespread popularity in recent years for its ability to capture images that larger digital cameras and smartphones simply cannot capture as well. GoPros have also become known for their versatility and adaptability in filming action shots.

The GoPro can film narrow, medium or wide shots, giving you the option of exactly how much you want to capture in a photo. You can see in this photo inside Edmon Low Library that the bookshelves look warped; that photo was taken on the medium setting. By switching the view, you can alter how the images look to fit what you are wanting.

The famous GoPro look is a fish-eye shot, which shows a wide landscape in a panoramic view. This product isn’t ideal for family pictures, but it gives images a neat, angular aspect that would normally require a special lens for an average digital camera.

On our journey through Edmon Low Library, we primarily used a selfie stick attachment to capture footage. Unfortunately, the remote control was inactive, but that was but a minor setback. GoPro has its own smartphone application that acts as a remote, library and settings hub. When the camera is on, you are able to see exactly what the camera is capturing on your phone, which is incredibly useful if you don’t have a GoPro screen. You can use the app to take your photos then view and edit them once they are in the library. It is also an alternative to using the buttons on the actual camera.

The GoPro camera itself has three main buttons. The top button is the shutter used to capture pictures and begin regular or time lapse videos; it also works to activate wifi. The button on the front is the on/off feature, and a smaller button on the side is for changing settings, such as wifi connectivity and view preference. One thing I had an issue with was the default shot setting, which placed the camera in video mode when turned on, so I often started videos when I meant to take one shot.

The only other problem I had during my three day ownership was the quality of the photos. It may have been due to the protective casing, but the majority of my photos came out a little blurry. I look forward to renting a GoPro again soon to determine whether it was user error or equipment malfunction.

Overall, I was thoroughly impressed with the easy operation and unique photos. I would highly recommend a GoPro to anyone who wants to document any type of outing or event without hauling around a bulky (and potentially vulnerable) DSLR camera. With its various cases and attachments, GoPros go beyond normal cameras and provide unbeatable footage, whether that be strolling around a library or hiking through a rainforest.

It may take some practice to get your best shot with a GoPro, but it is much easier to master than a typical DSLR. After the initial process of discovering its uses, I found the GoPro to be a simple and useful gadget, and I hope you will too. When you are planning your next adventure, put the GoPro Hero4 at the top of your packing list, and don’t forget to check it out from the Tech to Go desk in Edmon Low Creative Studios. Watch this step-by-step tutorial for more detailed instructions on how to operate a GoPro.

Do you have any neat GoPro ideas or stories you’d like to share? Comment below!

Post by Jennifer Barnett, E-Communications Intern for OSU Library Communications

Virtual Reality in the Library

In our last post, we discussed augmented reality and its possible uses in OSU Libraries. We briefly mentioned its distinction from virtual reality, which is now our main focus of discussion.

Virtual reality is, by definition, a realistic and immersive simulation of a three-dimensional environment, created using interactive software and hardware, and experienced or controlled by movement of the body. Essentially, it places you directly in a virtual world; think think Star Trek holodeck but without all the walking. The extent of this experience can be simply watching on a screen or becoming fully immersed in a 360 degree virtual space.

Georgia State University offers art history students the ability to travel to places they could not otherwise visit. It is hopeful that such classes will soon be equipped with enough VR equipment to immerse each student in VR to allow visualization of the architectural styles and historical structures they are learning about. Additionally, a team of researchers at University of Maryland have created a program that could revolutionize the study of medicine by allowing students to view surgeries virtually to learn techniques.

This virtual spin on education could be in the not-so-distant future for Oklahoma State. If you haven’t noticed, the Edmon Low Library has recently added new equipment to the Joe and Jeanne Craig and John C. & Kathryn A. Williams study rooms. They contain monitors and tables for regular study sessions but also have less obvious components in the ceiling corners that act as sensors for VR. When a user is in a virtual environment, the sensors are able to pinpoint where the user is located to allow him or her to move throughout the space without bumping into unseen items.

To take a journey in one of the VR rooms, you will need the proper equipment. The VR goggles are attached to a headset with adjustable straps to fit your noggin nice and snug. This is how you view the environment and its virtual elements. The controllers come in the form of cylindrical joysticks that are held in either hand. These allow the sensors to find you within the room and give you the ability to walk around the VR world.

While price varies on VR equipment, it can be cost-prohibitive for many students, which is why the free access in Edmon Low is such a helpful resource.

The VR rooms can be reserved on the library website, and the necessary VR equipment for the room is available at the Tech to Go desk. If you don’t have time for the full VR experience, you can check out a pair of the VR goggles from Tech To Go. All that’s needed is a free download of the VR app on your cellphone, which is plugged into the goggles as a screen. Once the app is operating, you can put on the goggles and immerse yourself in a variety of locations including a roller coaster and the moon’s surface. Check out the new equipment and experience the fun of virtual reality today!

What environment or place would you like to experience virtually? Share your comments below.

Post by Jennifer Barnett, E-Communications Intern for OSU Library Communications

Augmented Reality in Higher Education

Augmented reality is a view of the physical world where certain elements are enhanced or “augmented.” Virtual reality creates a completely simulated world; whereas, AR only adds distinct virtual elements to the real world. AR is what you see on the Pokemon Go app when virtual images, such as Pokemon, appear in the natural world. A grid in the cellphone camera allows the images to be placed seemingly next to real objects.

Now that the term sounds a little less foreign, let’s talk about augmented reality in higher education. In modern libraries across America, AR is being used for many purposes.

The University of Wisconsin-Madison created an entire documentary of the Dow Day Vietnam War protests that can only be seen using AR. It allowed students to use their mobile devices to find locations of historical protests and see exactly what was happening in that spot on that specific day.

Simpson College in Iowa uses an AR cellphone application to make its promotional banners come to life through visual graphics, giving the impression that the banner is actually communicating to viewers. Additionally, the University of Washington is currently conducting research on a bionic contact lens that would allow users to view entire virtual displays through their own eyes.

A notable pioneer in AR, The University of Canterbury in New Zealand, has recently developed an interactive AR display where virtual planets on playing cards can be moved to create the solar system and further knowledge of astronomy. The university's researchers were also able to develop an AR program that displayed virtual versions of cities. By using a mobile app, users can view the past constructions of buildings and review facts and photos.

Each use of AR has proved useful to the furtherance of education at other universities, so how can this technology be applied to real life situations here at Oklahoma State?

Using AR, OSU Libraries could offer a virtually interactive tour of study spaces. The tour could lead visitors to a selected location, maybe a specific bookshelf, by creating virtual arrows or signs leading to the destination.

Another useful development of AR for mobile devices is spatial immersion and interaction, which allows the digitization of actual humans. Basically, it creates holograms of humans who are able to interact with the viewer and perform certain tasks. By accessing this spatial immersion technology, staff could create holograms of faculty showing visitors how to use the library equipment, such as book check-out and data visualization software. The possibilities are nearly limitless.

Finally, Radio-frequency identification is a separate technology that could be linked to AR. RFID uses electromagnetic fields to track items by reading the tags connected to them. The tags can be attached to a number of things from vehicles to student IDs. RFID can be used for many purposes, notably inventory management and item tracking. Similar to the augmented tour that would assist people in finding a location, RFID could allow this idea to expand to leads users to the exact location of the book they are searching by tracking its RFID tag. It could also be used as a security device for loss prevention.

Currently, the only augmented experience that OSU Library offers is through the Google Glass demos. These devices offer the advantage of operating a computer through the lenses, which could provide the perfect outlet for all the suggested applications of augmented reality. With a few advancements to its current equipment, the OSU Library could give other libraries something to model their programs after in the years to come.

What are your ideas for applying AR and other modern technologies in the OSU Libraries?

Post by Jennifer Barnett, E-Communications Intern for OSU Library Communications

Expanding Tech with Telescopes at the OSU Library

In response to our recent “What If The Library...” feedback campaign, Edmon Low Creative Studios now boasts a new addition to its hardware lineup: telescopes. The Tech To Go desk now offers a range of equipment for audio, photo, video and nighttime sky viewing.

The decision to purchase telescopes was based on student votes. Other options included checkout for Google Glass, more rolling whiteboards and free faxing. Along with telescopes, the Library also added bean bag chairs and more study rooms on the first floor.

There are currently three types of telescopes available for checkout. The Meade ETC 90 features a removable optical tube, which provides versatility to the model. It has an Audiostar handbox controller with a built-in speaker that offers information about objects in the telescope's’ view. Ideal for learning while stargazing, this is also the best choice for adventures requiring easily portable equipment.

The Meade Infinity 102 is great for beginners. It has everything necessary for amateur sky searchers. Its slow motion option allows the user to track moving objects while capturing bright and clear images. It comes with three eyepieces for varying levels of magnification, and the red dot viewfinder makes locating planets and constellations a breeze.

The Celestron C6N provides incredibly refined images of wide views by using diffraction-limited parabolic primary mirrors. This telescope is high quality and performs as such. It is operated by computer control technology, giving it a vast database and extensive knowledge on a number of identifiable objects. This piece of exploration equipment is ideal for space education.

The Celestron SkyMaster Binoculars present a high quality experience. This device is intended for extended viewing of astronomical and terrestrial scenes, so it would be an ideal gadget for searching across vast landscapes or spotting objects from long distances. Easy to use and equipped with user-friendly capabilities, these binoculars could change the way you see the world.

In addition to the new telescopes, Tech To Go continues to offer GoPros, cameras, microphones and projectors, most of which are available for three day checkout.

Post by Jennifer Barnett, E-Communications Intern for OSU Library Communications

Brianna Marshall on "Embracing Library-Supported Research Data Management Services"

Library employees may find the slides and notes from Brianna Marshall's April 7 presentation at http://www.briannamarshall.com/2016/05/02/library-rdm/

Information on previous Library Futures speakers can be found on the staff drive at U:\LibraryFutures.

Comments and questions on the presentations can be added to the comments section below.

Surplus of Creativity in the Digital Age

In our Feb. 8 blog post, we discussed how artificial intelligence could impact the library. The post's video "Humans Need Not Apply" argues that an economy built entirely on creative works could not exist, but in the age of social media could we see the beginnings of such a thing?

In his book, "Cognitive Surplus" Clay Shirky discusses the impact a globalized network has had on human efforts. The Industrial Revolution brought with it our modern work schedule, complete with time off and television to occupy that time. As Shirky observes, a good deal of our free time in the past had been spent gawking at this relatively new invention. However, the Internet has redirected that energy. The internet provides what Shirky describes as the "means, motive and opportunity" to put our energies into seeking, creating and sharing more personal and meaningful content.

Every time something is seen, enjoyed, or shared by us, we participate in a new content economy. Any time we make a modification, which can be something as simple as an accompanying caption or as transformative as a remix, we contribute to its gross domestic product. The new entrepreneurs in this economy are the ones who devote themselves to content creation. It's easy to view the surface of sites such as YouTube and Facebook and see just that sliver as a representative consensus, but the rabbit hole goes much deeper.

New movements within art, music, film and entertainment are being developed as you read this. Globalized genres of music such as vaporwave have emerged within just the last few years and already you can fill weeks' of continuous playlists and never repeat a single song. According to company data cited by the Wall Street Journal, as much as 12 hours of audio and music are uploaded to independent publishing site Soundcloud every minute.

Content creators in 2016 have the capability to publish exponentially more media than those of a just a few decades ago. You'll only ever have the opportunity to see a minute fraction of these publications. This blog happens to be a piece of it. If it exists, there's an audience for it.

For libraries this is a chance to be a hub for those who wish to engage in and expand their role in this content driven industry. Libraries already house many of the means of production. Computers, books, software, and peripheral hardware are all already in most of our libraries. Makerspaces are an example of this. These resources represent Shirky's means, motives, and opportunity for millions of creative people.

With an explosion of new art and culture occurring that is capable of rivaling that of the Renaissance, it is not unfeasible to imagine that a new generation of Rembrandts and Michelangelos are currently in their early youth, living near libraries that could give them the tools they need to discover their genius.

How do you view the library's role in this age of content? What services could the library provide to not only further the creative abilities of its users but also connect and engage with users beyond its doors?

Symbiotic Intelligence: How A.I. May Create Cooperative Education in the Future

A recent publication in the World Economic Forum titled “The Future of Jobs” asserts that over 5 million jobs may be lost to robotization by the year 2020. YouTube channel CGP Grey, a channel that specializes in discussing various concepts in depth, has created a fascinating video discussing just how technological advances can outpace human efforts:

This video raises many intriguing - and possibly unanswerable - questions. For those of us working in the library space some of those questions might include

• How will robotization and digital intelligences affect the way library services are provided? 
• Where will the librarian fit in with all of this? 
• How will those people whose jobs have been phased out utilize a library? 

As CGP Grey’s video posits, digital entities capable of learning, interacting, and producing creative output can accomplish quite a lot. It’s conceivable that even this blog post could someday be written by a well-educated computer intelligence rather than the intern with a penchant for procrastination. That said, it’s entirely possible these advances could see the creation of more effective libraries, more effective librarians and all around more effective learning experiences.

The path to creating smarter, stronger and more capable machines lies in replicating our own psychological learning needs. The conundrum this presents is that the human learning process is an innumerable sum of different ethereal mental mechanisms.

Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg describes a bulk of these processes as "unsupervised learning." Zuckerberg has invested a great deal of time and capital into the development of artificial intelligence, making it one of Facebook, Inc.'s largest development projects.

In a recent Facebook status update about his aspirations for artificial intelligence development, Zuckerberg said, “Unsupervised learning is learning how the world works by observing and trying things out rather than being told what to do... It's key to building systems with human-like common sense because it doesn't require a person to teach it everything they know. It gives the machine the ability to anticipate what may happen in the future and predict the effect of an action. It could help us build machines that can hold conversations or plan complex sequences of actions... We fundamentally do not understand how general learning works... Until we solve this problem, throwing all the machine power in the world at it cannot create an AI that can do everything a person can.”

This is to say that the human mind is a vast, complex and unique thinking machine that cannot be defined by sheer horsepower. Understanding all of the mechanisms in which it learns is the key to not only the creation of artificial intelligence, but also more effective learning and teaching practices. A thinking machine can not only learn from human teachers, but also teach human learners.

Imagine the impact such an entity could have on a library. Makerspaces, writing labs, research, database optimization, all manner of workshops, all could see a dramatic overhaul of how they're performed, delivered and absorbed by they're audience.

As for the librarians, certain functions librarians perform such as the analyzing, management and acquisition of materials or information and data processing could foreseeably be delegated to thinking computers in the future, but the more human functions of librarians - those directly involved with enlightening and educating the users of the library - need not be replaced because such functions are best fostered by human relationships.

For example, people like to use Siri, but no one really respects Siri as a person. "She" is not a mentor, or a teacher, or a researcher or a friend. "She" doesn’t recognize her user’s learning process or where it might be stumbling, and can only provide feedback in the form of suggestions of what "she" believes they might have meant based on her programming. Digital intelligence may be able to replicate operational functions, but the human capacity for learning requires a set of intangible qualities. A machine capable of learning and teaching may enhance a human's education to a degree, but it takes a human to best understand a human.

What does the development of artificial intelligence mean to you? How do you foresee it affecting your role in the library? How will education utilize intelligent technologies? Share your thoughts in the comments section.